考試詞匯輔導(dǎo):分詞
分詞有兩種,一種是現(xiàn)在分詞,一種是過去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動、進(jìn)行的意思,過去分詞一般有被動、完成的意思。分詞(短語)在劇中可以起四大成分作用:表語,定語,狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。
1.常用來作表語:(在這樣用時,現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語所具有的特征,過去分詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài))
The problem is quite pressing.
這問題很緊迫。
The food smells inviting.
這個菜香味怡人。
The door remained locked.
門依然鎖著。
She looked disappointed.
她顯得很失望。
2.常用來作定語:(分單個或短語兩種情況)
?。?)單個分詞作定語時,放在所修飾詞的前面,如:
touching story動人的故事
running water自來水
biting wind刺骨寒風(fēng)
coming week下周
everlasting friendship永恒友誼
| guided missile導(dǎo)彈
armed forces武裝部隊
boiled water開水
steamed bread饅頭
stricken area災(zāi)區(qū)
|
(2)分詞短語作定語時,要放在所修飾詞的后面,在意思上和一個定語從句差不多:
Who is the comrade standing (=that is standing) by the door?
站在門口的那位同志是誰?
They built a highway leading (=which leads) into the mountains.
他們修建了一條通往山里的公路。
Is there anything planned (=that has been planned) for tonight?
今晚有什么活動嗎?
They are problems left (=which have been left) over by history.
這些是歷史遺留下來的問題。
3.常用來作狀語:
Relying on our own efforts, we overcame all the difficulties.
我們依靠自己的力量把這些困難都克服了。
We worked there for a week, helping them to get in what.
我們在那兒勞動了一周,幫助他們收麥子。
Built in 1192,the bridge is over 700 years old.
這座橋是一一九二年建造的,已經(jīng)有七百多年的歷史了。
Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep.
他專心致志于這項工作,到了廢寢忘食的地步。
He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey.
由于旅途勞累他很快就睡著了。
4.分詞可以在see, watch, hear, feel, have, make, notice, keep, get, find等動詞后與賓語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語:
Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.
忽然他聽見有人輕輕扣窗子。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
對不起讓你久等了。
She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.
她高興地看到孩子們在托兒所受到很好的照顧。
When you talk, you have to at least make yourself understood.
你說話至少要讓別人聽懂。